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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression that is related to seasonal changes. This condition is also known as: winter depression, winter blues, summer depression, or seasonal depression. To be correctly diagnosed, the affected person should be known to have normal mental health throughout the rest of the year, with periods of depression occurring at the same time each year, usually winter. It is caused by the variation of light exposure in different seasons, most commonly, lack of light in winter. The lack of sunlight decreases the chemical serotonin (which regulates mood), and increases the production of the chemical melatonin (increases sleep and drowsiness). Cases of SAD are rare in Australia and are more likely to occur in places further from the equator where the days are shorter.

Symptoms

This condition is readily treated by Light Therapy which involves exposure to artificial light (brighter than normal artificial light) for approximately one hour, preferably in the morning. Side effects of this treatment include: eyestrain, headaches, and irritability, all of which are mild and short lived. Other treatments for SAD include: medications such as antidepressants, negative air ionization therapy (air ionizers), cognitive behavioural therapy, and supplementation of the hormone melatonin (at certain times of the day). Exercise and a healthy diet have also been found to aid in the treatment of SAD.