Topaz is formed from the crystallization of fluorine-bearing vapour produced in the last stages of solidification of igneous rocks. Therefore, topaz crystals are most commonly found in the cavities of granitic rocks, and in pegmatites. Topaz can also be found as water worn pebbles in stream sediments due to the weathering and erosion of pegmatites and granitic rocks.
Pure topaz is colourless and transparent but it is usually coloured by impurities. Topaz can be blue, brown, yellow, orange, green, pink, and reddish-pink.
Imperial topaz is the most valuable form of this gem. It can be yellow, pink, or pink-orange.
Sherry topaz is a yellow-brown or a brown-orange in colour.
The element, chromium, is what causes the pink, red, and purple colours in topaz, while imperfections at the atomic level cause the topaz to become brown, yellow, or blue.
Colour: clear, yellow, orange, pink, red, green, blue, brown, purple, white and grey
Hardness: 8
Lustre: vitreous
Chemical Composition: Al₂SiO₄(F/OH)₂
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